Sep
0

What does the anger over Goldman Sachs signify? How did Goldman come to be “A Great Vampire Squid”?

Written by Adam Smith

Well, let’s see.  It paid back all the government money it got last fall, and became a bank holding company.  Warren Buffett put in $6 billion during the crisis, and he’s already made $2 billion.  The stock has tripled from its November low.

Only months after the Great Crisis, Goldman has had the most profitable six months in the frim’s history.  It has set aside $11.36 billion in compensation and benefits for its 29,400 employees, and we know that last year, the great Crash year, it paid 953 employees at least $1 million, and 78 got more than $Illustration by Victor Juhasz5 million.

That’s enough to make everybody else hate you.

Lehman is gone, Merrill is a shrunken division of Bank of America, only traces of Bear Stearns are left, and there’s Goldman, called by Rolling Stone “a great vampire squid wrapped around the face of humanity”.  Now, “great vampire squid,”  applied to a venerable Wall Street house, is gonzo writing, a nice job of it, you look to it to enjoy its daring and excess.   You do not expect to find some nuance, some new truth that helps you frame recent history.  “Retire, go do some public service,” used to be considered a good thing.  Now, to critics, it looks like seeding the government with pals who can help you make even more money.

http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/story/28816321/inside_the_great_american_bubble_machine

Certainly some of the ill will can be traced to the previous Secretary of the Treasury, Hank Paulson, who had been the CEO of Goldman Sachs. hank-paulson Why did Paulson - and Ben Bernanke - let Lehman Bros fail, and then step in to save AIG?  It was said that Goldman held AIG liabilities that would have badly crippled it.  The current CEO of Goldman, Lloyd Blankfein, says, “If AIG had defaulted, guess what? We would have kept the collateral from AIG and the banks we’d bought protection from.  The government’s decision to bail out AIG was about the risks to the system.  It wasn’t about Goldman Sachs”.  But AIG was so intertwined with the whole financial system, Goldman would have suffered along with everybody else.  However, you could say that if Goldman had been truly Goldman, it might have figured out some nimble way to make a profit in the disaster.

lloyd-blankfeinIn the era leading up to the Crash of 2008, Goldman, like others, had sold toxic, leveraged mortgage backed securities.  But Goldman left the party early, in 2006.  Ripeness is all, said Shakespeare.  Then Goldman shorted various mortgage securities indexes, betting that prices would fall, at a time when other firms were still reaping profits from selling the junk rated AA by the corrupt or inept ratings agencies.

Something feels unfinished about this whole story.  In America, where comic book heroes are iconic, we want the evildoers punished, and the good celebrated.  We want Batman triumphant.  What would it look like if The Joker reigned supreme?

In the 1920’s, Goldman Sachs had a leveraged fund which went broke in the slide into depression.  The radio comedian Eddie Cantor was among those stung, and he used Goldman Sachs as a trigger for anti Wall Street jokes.  That made everybody feel better.

Now we have come through the crisis.  But, we still have a mountain of debt, a threat to the dollar, and a perilous journey ahead - and yet we have not really had an outlet for the rumbling populism you can feel like a thunderstorm over the horizon.  Goldman has the right CEO for a Lenten atmosphere, not the All American lineman, like Hank Paulson, but Lloyd Blankfein, who was born in the South Bronx, grew up in a housing project in Brooklyn, and went to the predominantly black Jefferson High School.  His father sorted mail at night in the post office, his mother worked as a receptionist at a burglar alarm company, “one of the few growth industries in my neighborhood”, Blankfein says.  Scholarships and financial aid took Blankfein to Harvard, where he was a classmate of Ben Bernanke, and then to Harvard Law School.  On the way to Goldman, he left the law for a job selling gold at J. Aron & Co.  Blankfein had a good sense of when to push traders to take more risk.  He told FORTUNE, ” the best traders are not right more than they are wrong, they are quick adjusters, better at getting right when they are wrong.”

So far, the populist rumblings have been seen in the “town meetings” about health care, and in Obama’s falling ratings.  Obama was once thought to be out ahead of the populist surge, not behind it.  Blankfein has a chance to present a self deprecating, soft spoken Wall Street.

Given its history, and its diminished competition, Goldman could make money in jagged and down markets, as well as in its traditional ways.

That’s not going to make the rest of us feel better, especially when we read about rising unemployment or commercial real estate heading south, or whatever negative news is being broadcast.  Whatever Goldman is going to do, we might do ourselves, if we only knew what it will be, but we don’t.

Aug
0

Will There Be a Second Stimulus?

Written by Adam Smith

Many economists, like my neighbor Paul Krugman paul-krugman1(see video elsewhere in this blog) believe that once the current stimulus has come to an end, the economy will tip back into recession.  Or stands a good chance of doing so.  That is because their numbers tell them the normal engine of the US economy, the consumer, is still tapped out, still in debt, still struggling.  Industry is not likely to spend a lot on expansion with demand under par and more than enough capacity everywhere.  So they were urging the Obama team to ready a second stimulus. 

The collective wisdom of our office is, ain’t gonna happen.  First, the stimulus voted is only just beginning to engage.  That is, it takes time to get the money to the states, as one example, and to call the contractors, decide on which roads and bridges, and get the money flowing.  With stimulus funds still unspent, the appetite in Congress to vote more isn’t there.  Congress has a very short term span of attention.

Second, there is finally an impact on the public from the “million billion trillion” language amplified by “town meetings”, Fox News, right wing radio, and lack of clarity in mainstream (and shrinking) media.  George Lakoff, the Berkeley linguistics professor, (”Don’t Think of an Elephant”) writes that the george-lakoffObama team, which controlled the language so well in the 2008 election, hasn’t maintained that control.  The health care reform discussion has been complex and wonkish, leaving the field open to the “million billion trillion” voices that say, we have to stop spending so much money.  Nevermind that, in the credit contraction, that money evaporated out of the private sector and had to be replaced by public spending.  The appetite for such action comes from language, not computer models, and it won’t be there.

Jul
0

The Adam Smith and Paul Krugman Show

Written by cringely

Adam Smith lives in Princeton, NJ, next-door to Paul Krugman, Princeton professor, New York Times Op-Ed columnist and oh, by-the-way, winner of the 2009 Nobel Prize in Economics.

I wonder how he invested that money?

On July 8th Smith and Krugman put on a little show for fewer than 100 folks at a meeting in Princeton of New Jersey Common Cause. Someone was there to take bad video of the event which I have here and intend to share with you over three posts today and tomorrow.

Krugman is a very smart economist working at the top of his game and explains things pretty well.  In these clips (there are 17 in all) he presents what could easily be the contents of a dozen or more columns.  And what I like is it is presented colloquially with us getting a much better sense of the man than from his very polished work in the Times.

I am not saying Krugman is right about everything, but I think these clips are very worth watching for a sense of our time and current thinking about it.  And it is odd how little it has to do, really, with economics and how much with government and just the way things do and don’t get done in our culture.

I look forward to reading your comments.

Jul
0

Crime Statistics: More Bad Math on Wall Street Should Mean More Orange Jump Suits (But Probably Won’t)

Written by cringely

piesmedium1Take a look at the chart to the left, which comes courtesy of the Federal Reserve.  It makes the point that private label mortgages, which are mortgages securitized by Wall Street firms, mainly investment banks, are responsible for most of the mortgage mess we are in as a nation.  These are the white sections in these two related graphs.  There is a lot to understand here and it is particularly damning if examined closely because it shows Wall Street to be at best incompetent and at worst criminal.

All of the organizations and organization types mentioned in this table do the same thing — they buy or fund mortgages then package thousands of those mortgages together into securities they sell on the open market.  If the quality of every security was the same then the percentage of bad mortgages would exactly match the percentage market share for each player.  Yet that is far from the case.

Let’s do some numbers:

Organization        Mortgages (millions)          Troubled (100,000)              % Troubled

Banks/Thrifts              8                                            397                            4.9

Fannie Mae                18                                            444                            2.4

Freddie Mac               13                                            232                            1.7

Ginnie Mae                   6                                            378                           6.3

Private Label                8                                           1734                         21.6

All of these organizations perform similar functions, all employ the same staff functions, all buy, for the most part, from the same pool of available mortgages, except of course there are varying requirements for each organization like the maximum loan, minimum credit score, etc.  Yet the variation from best to worst is as high as 10-to-1.  How can that be?

From a strictly statistical standpoint it CAN’T be.  In theory the population of mortgages, like the population of homeowners, should be represented by a normal (bell shaped) curve, with the bad mortgages taking up a small section on the left side of that curve.  It should be a small section because, since these mortgage pools are designed by statisticians, in order to be statistically acceptable the risk must generally be within two standard deviation from the norm.

Here’s how it SHOULD look:

deviation1About 2.15 percent of mortgages are expected to go bad, represented by the white space on the left of the curve.  Some of the government-backed and bank/thrift mortgages were a little better and some were a little worse, but they are all clustered not too far from that 2.15 percent number, which is as it should be.  And remember this is during an unprecedented world financial melt-down.

Then there are the private-label numbers, which are precisely TEN TIMES worse than expected.  Statistically that’s crazy, but NOT crazy if the population of mortgage holders isn’t normal.  That would be the case, for example, if the population included a large number of people who had no intention to actually make their mortgage payments, which seems to be the case here.

Remember that these private label numbers include those from all Wall Street firms, including — presumably — some firms that weren’t intending to be crooks.  So the bad numbers within these numbers are actually even worse — far worse.

What’s particularly damning about these data is that the non-private label numbers are so good, yet some of those government programs DON’T EVEN TAKE CREDIT SCORES INTO ACCOUNT.

This is Wall Street rocket sciecne run amok.

One particular irony here is the notion that the Clinton Administration, forcing an end to blue-lining and encouraging lenders to make more lower-income mortgages, exacerbated the mortgage crisis.  Some people claim this policy change is the entire basis of the current problem.  Then why isn’t it reflected in the bank/thrift and various Federal program numbers?  They should be.

What these data say about the private label (Wall Street) mortgage securities is that there was systemic fraud.  Wall Street would like to pin that fraud on homeowners, but it is so pervasive that it really has to be more properly pinned in the statisticians who allowed it to happen and on their bosses who ORDERED it to happen.  These aren’t just bad decisions, they are statitically impossible with a normal population.  These are CRIMINAL acts costing billions of dollars and damaging the nation as a whole.  Yet who is going to jail for it?

Nobody so far.

Jun
0

ObamaMath

Written by cringely

bbrothersThe Obama Administration will tomorrow unveil its plans for a new regulatory agency with sweeping powers over mortgage and other lenders, yet the only real question is how will the banks game this system, too?

The Administration means well, but their concern for the welfare of major bankers at the general expense of American homeowners is a consistent cause for concern.  The Treasury announced yesterday, for example, that five national lenders had received $3.1 billion in TARP funds specifically for mortgage modifications and that this was the start of $18.7 billion in such funds to be spent on mortgage modifications from a $75 billion total fund.

Reading into these figures is an exercise in frustration, as has been most ObamaMath.

The $3.1 billion, for example, represents TARP funds that have been SPENT for mortgage modifications.  Under the law lenders can qualify for a $1,500 upfront fee per modified mortgage, though that payment comes only AFTER the mortgage has been modified.  $3.1 billion divided by $1,500 implies that these five lenders have altogether COMPLETED the modification of 2,066,667 mortgages or about four percent of all home mortgages in America.

Nope, it hasn’t happened.

A month ago the Treasury Department claimed this same program had so far resulted in OFFERS of modified mortgages to 55,000 homeowners.  Now the agency is implying that in four weeks they’ve ramped that up by more than two million.  Except that’s NOT what they are saying, just what they are IMPLYING.

What’s more likely, in fact, is that the banks are being paid for mortgage modifications IN ADVANCE, which isn’t the way it is supposed to be.  No homeowners are receiving ANY Federal housing benefits in advance.  But then homeowners aren’t beleagured bankers, they are just people losing their homes.

May
0

You Can’t Get There From Here

Written by cringely
You Can’t Get There From Here

The Obama Administration’s efforts to help homeowners stay in their homes and avoid foreclosure by modifying mortgages have already failed.  One would hope the Administration is smart enough to know that.  Maybe they are just hoping we wouldn’t notice, but we did.

Federal agencies have announced a variety of programs to discourage foreclosures and encourage mortgage modifications.  Some of these programs are for people who are current on their mortgages, some for people who are behind, some for people who have equity, and some for people who have none.  None have these programs has been a success, nor will they be successes in any time frame that is useful to the economy. Continue Reading…

May
0

Heads They Win, Tails We Lose

Written by cringely
Heads They Win, Tails We Lose

Prepare to be robbed, America, because the hedge funds are coming.  The federal plan to rid banks of their so-called “toxic assets” appears to be turning into an opportunity to transfer hundreds of billions of dollars risk-free into the pockets of hedge fund investors armed with sophisticated new software. It is a scam, a con on American taxpayers.

The toxic assets in question are, for the most part, mortgage securities created and sold during the recent housing bubble.  For banks to survive — and we’ve been told over and over again by Republican and Democratic administrations alike that it is absolutely vital that at least the big banks survive — they have to be relieved of these mortgage securities that would appear to have little or no value right now but will perhaps have some value over time. Continue Reading…

May
0

Breakfast with Kissinger

Written by Adam Smith
Breakfast with Kissinger

I attended an annual breakfast this morning with Henry Kissinger at The Four Seasons.  While everybody else wants to know about North Korea and Iran and nuclear proliferation, I wanted to know what happens if we don’t bring off a financial recovery?

Most of Kissinger’s remarks were addressed to the broad foreign policy question of containing nuclear proliferation, and what to do about North Korea.  KIssinger said that North Korea had a history of negotiating about the negotiating, and then negotiating, and then junking the whole process, and the message other would-be nuclear powers (like Iran) are getting is that the world does nothing about it. Continue Reading…

May
0

The Adam Smith Orange Jump Suit Solution to the AIG and Merrill Bonuses and the Rising Tide of Public Fury

Written by Adam Smith
The Adam Smith Orange Jump Suit Solution to the AIG and Merrill Bonuses and the Rising Tide of Public Fury

I’m angry, and I am not alone.  I am angry that $180 billion of tax money — some of it mine — has been spent to prop up AIG, because a bunch of greedy AIG idiots in London, apparently unsupervised by anyone at all, wrote some contracts that weren’t hedged or reserved for anything.  Why didn’t we let AIG just go four paws up in the air, just like we would if the corner grocery store overextended itself?.  Because AIG was too big.  Systemic risk, meaning the whole system comes apart, look what happened with Lehman. Continue Reading…

May
0

Green Shoots

Written by Adam Smith
Green Shoots

“Green shoots” has become the phrase du jour, or du week.  I saw it first in Ed Hyman’s ISI reports, which said things were not getting worse any faster, and some things were actually turning.  Paul Krugman had an unusally witty column in the NYTimes, saying green shoots, humbug, some things are getting worse, there are other shoes to drop, like commercial real estate, and some of the good news, like the reports from Citi and Goldman, are jiggery pokery with the numbers, and even when it’s over, it’s not over; unemployment will keep rising.  Synthesizing the view from the Big Black Table at Craig Drill Capital, it depends whether you are looking at the economy or the market.

Continue Reading…